Healthy lifestyle

Insulin Resistance: What It Is, How to Recognize It, and How to Reverse It

Insulin resistance is the underlying mechanism of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and stubborn belly fat. It can be present for years before blood sugar becomes...

Type 2 Diabetes: A Complete Guide to Prevention, Diagnosis, and Daily Management

Type 2 diabetes is the most widespread metabolic disease globally: in Italy, there are 3.7 million diagnosed diabetics, and it is estimated that another 1.5 million...

Body Water: What It Is, Normal Values, and Why Hydration Matters

The human body is 50–70% water — the highest and most variable percentage of our body composition. Monitoring body water is not just a curiosity: it...

Basal Metabolism: What It Is, How to Calculate It, and How to Use It for Weight Loss

Basal metabolism is the amount of calories your body burns simply to stay alive — breathing, pumping blood, regulating temperature, keeping cells active. It is the...

BMI: What it Is, Its Limitations, and Alternatives for Assessing a Healthy Weight

BMI is the most commonly used parameter for classifying body weight at a public health level. But using it as the sole indicator of your individual...

Sarcopenia: What It Is, How to Recognize It, and How to Prevent Muscle Loss

From the age of 30 onwards, we naturally lose between 0.5% and 1% of muscle mass each year — a silent process that, if not actively...

Visceral Fat: What It Is, How to Measure It, and How to Reduce It

Not all body fat is created equal. Visceral fat—the fat hidden deep inside the abdomen, surrounding organs like the liver, pancreas, and intestines—is metabolically active and...

Body Composition: What It Is, How It's Measured, and Why Weight Alone Isn't Enough

The number on the scale tells you only one thing. Body composition tells you twenty-five—and those twenty-five are far more important for understanding your body's health....

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes: How Many Times a Day, When, and Why

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is the practice of measuring blood sugar at home with a glucometer. Not all type 2 diabetics need to do it...

HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin): Values, Meaning, and Targets for Diabetes

HbA1c — glycated hemoglobin — is the reference parameter for assessing glycemic control over the past 2–3 months. A single blood glucose measurement tells you what...

Postprandial Blood Sugar: Normal Values and How to Reduce Spikes After Meals

Postprandial blood sugar – the blood glucose level after a meal – is a much more sensitive indicator of cardiovascular risk than fasting blood sugar alone....

Hypoglycemia: Symptoms, Causes, and What to Do Immediately

Hypoglycemia — low blood sugar — is the most frequent metabolic emergency in diabetics undergoing therapy. It can be frightening the first time, but it's manageable...

Fasting Blood Glucose: Normal Values, Pre-Diabetes Thresholds, and What to Do

Fasting blood sugar is one of the most important parameters for assessing glucose metabolism. A single abnormal value is not enough to make a diagnosis, but...