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Diabetic Foot: Prevention, Symptoms, and Daily Foot Care

Diabetic foot is one of the most serious and underestimated complications of type 2 diabetes. In Italy, approximately 4.8 million people live with diabetes (ISS, 2024),...

Diabetic Diet: Foods to Prefer, Limit, and Avoid

There isn't a single "diabetic diet" for everyone — needs vary based on weight, medication therapy, preferences, and cultural habits. But there are dietary principles with...

Insulin Resistance: What It Is, How to Recognize It, and How to Reverse It

Insulin resistance is the underlying mechanism of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and stubborn abdominal fat. It can be present for years before blood sugar becomes...

HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin): Values, Meaning, and Targets for Diabetes

HbA1c — glycated hemoglobin — is the reference parameter for assessing glycemic control over the past 2–3 months. A single blood glucose measurement tells you what...

Postprandial Blood Sugar: Normal Values and How to Reduce Spikes After Meals

Postprandial blood glucose — the value of blood glucose after a meal — is a much more sensitive indicator of cardiovascular risk than fasting blood glucose...